Add initial scripts and project conventions
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#!/usr/bin/env bash
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#
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# repair-hdd.sh — overwrite a disk to trigger remapping of pending/bad sectors,
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# then run a SMART extended self-test and print a final report.
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# Full documentation: see repair-hdd.md in this same folder.
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set -euo pipefail
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SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
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# shellcheck source=lib/common.sh
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source "${SCRIPT_DIR}/../lib/common.sh"
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SCRIPT_HELP=$(cat <<'HELP'
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Usage: sudo ./HDD/repair-hdd.sh DEVICE [zero|null|random]
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Overwrites the selected disk, then runs a SMART extended self-test. This
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destroys all data on DEVICE. Use only with a directly connected SATA disk;
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USB adapters may require adding -d sat to the smartctl calls.
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Arguments:
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DEVICE Whole-disk block device, for example /dev/sdX
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zero Write zeros (default; also accepted as "null")
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random Write pseudorandom data
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Options:
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-h, --help Show this help message and exit
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Examples:
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sudo ./HDD/repair-hdd.sh /dev/sdX
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sudo ./HDD/repair-hdd.sh /dev/sdX random
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HELP
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)
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common::show_help_if_requested "$@"
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[[ $# -le 2 ]] || common::die "too many arguments; run with --help for usage"
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LOG_DIR="/var/log/hdd-repair"
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DEVICE="${1:-}"
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FILL_MODE="${2:-zero}"
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# --- Валидация на входа ---------------------------------------------------
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if [[ -z "$DEVICE" ]]; then
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common::die "a whole-disk block device is required; run with --help for usage"
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fi
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case "$FILL_MODE" in
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zero|null)
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FILL_MODE="zero"
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;;
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random)
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;;
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*)
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common::die "fill mode must be 'zero', 'null', or 'random'"
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;;
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esac
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for required_command in findmnt lsblk readlink swapon mkdir date tee smartctl grep umount dd sync sleep head base64; do
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common::require_cmd "$required_command"
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done
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if [[ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]]; then
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common::die "this script must be run as root (for example, with sudo)"
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fi
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if [[ ! -b "$DEVICE" ]]; then
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common::die "$DEVICE does not exist or is not a block device"
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fi
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# Refuse the root filesystem device and any block device it depends on.
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TARGET_DEVICE="$(readlink -f -- "$DEVICE")" || common::die "cannot resolve device path: $DEVICE"
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ROOT_SOURCE="$(findmnt -n -o SOURCE /)" || common::die "cannot determine the root filesystem device"
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ROOT_SOURCE="${ROOT_SOURCE%%\[*}"
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ROOT_DEVICE="$(readlink -f -- "$ROOT_SOURCE")" || common::die "cannot resolve root device path: $ROOT_SOURCE"
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ROOT_DEVICE_TREE="$(lsblk --inverse --list --noheadings --paths --output PATH "$ROOT_DEVICE")" \
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|| common::die "cannot determine the devices backing the root filesystem"
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while IFS= read -r root_device; do
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[[ -n "$root_device" ]] || continue
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if [[ "$(readlink -f -- "$root_device")" == "$TARGET_DEVICE" ]]; then
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common::die "$DEVICE backs the root filesystem; refusing to overwrite it"
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fi
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done <<< "$ROOT_DEVICE_TREE"
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DEVICE_TREE="$(lsblk --list --noheadings --paths --output PATH "$TARGET_DEVICE")" \
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|| common::die "cannot inspect block devices below $DEVICE"
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while IFS= read -r child_device; do
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[[ -n "$child_device" ]] || continue
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while IFS= read -r swap_device; do
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[[ -n "$swap_device" ]] || continue
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if [[ "$(readlink -f -- "$swap_device")" == "$(readlink -f -- "$child_device")" ]]; then
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common::die "$child_device is active swap; disable it before running this script"
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fi
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done < <(swapon --show --noheadings --raw --output NAME)
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done <<< "$DEVICE_TREE"
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if [[ "$FILL_MODE" == "random" ]] && ! command -v openssl >/dev/null 2>&1; then
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common::log "OpenSSL is unavailable; random mode will use /dev/urandom."
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fi
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mkdir -p "$LOG_DIR"
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TIMESTAMP="$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S)"
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MAIN_LOG="$LOG_DIR/hdd-repair-${DEVICE##*/}-${TIMESTAMP}.log"
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# Send all output to both the console and the log file.
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exec > >(tee -a "$MAIN_LOG") 2>&1
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common::log "=============================================================="
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common::log "HDD Repair — $DEVICE"
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common::log "Write mode: $FILL_MODE"
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common::log "Started: $(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')"
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common::log "Log: $MAIN_LOG"
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common::log "=============================================================="
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# --- Disk information before the operation --------------------------------
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common::log "--- Device identification ---"
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smartctl -i "$DEVICE" || true
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common::log "--- SMART values before overwrite ---"
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smartctl -A "$DEVICE" | grep -E \
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"Reallocated_Sector_Ct|Current_Pending_Sector|Offline_Uncorrectable|UDMA_CRC_Error_Count|Power_On_Hours" \
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|| common::log "SMART read failed; check the connection."
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common::log "WARNING: ALL DATA ON $DEVICE WILL BE DESTROYED."
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read -r -p "Type uppercase YES to confirm: " CONFIRM
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if [[ "$CONFIRM" != "YES" ]]; then
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common::die "operation cancelled; no changes were made"
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fi
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while IFS= read -r child_device; do
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[[ -n "$child_device" ]] || continue
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if findmnt -n -S "$child_device" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
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common::log "Unmounting $child_device..."
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umount "$child_device" || common::die "could not unmount $child_device; refusing to overwrite $DEVICE"
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fi
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done <<< "$DEVICE_TREE"
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# --- Phase 1: overwrite the disk to trigger sector remapping ---------------
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common::log "--- Phase 1: overwriting $DEVICE ---"
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common::log "Started: $(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')"
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common::log "This may take hours, depending on disk size and speed."
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DD_START=$(date +%s)
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DD_RESULT=0
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if [[ "$FILL_MODE" == "zero" ]]; then
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RANDOM_SOURCE_DESC="/dev/zero"
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dd if=/dev/zero of="$DEVICE" bs=4M conv=fsync,noerror status=progress || DD_RESULT=$?
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else
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# Use OpenSSL for faster pseudorandom generation when available.
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if command -v openssl >/dev/null 2>&1; then
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RANDOM_SOURCE_DESC="openssl enc (AES-256-CTR PRNG)"
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openssl enc -aes-256-ctr -pass pass:"$(head -c 32 /dev/urandom | base64)" \
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-nosalt < /dev/zero 2>/dev/null | \
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dd of="$DEVICE" bs=4M conv=fsync,noerror status=progress || DD_RESULT=$?
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else
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RANDOM_SOURCE_DESC="/dev/urandom (по-бавно, openssl не е намерен)"
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dd if=/dev/urandom of="$DEVICE" bs=4M conv=fsync,noerror status=progress || DD_RESULT=$?
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fi
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fi
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common::log "Data source: $RANDOM_SOURCE_DESC"
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if [[ "$DD_RESULT" -eq 0 ]]; then
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common::log "dd completed successfully (no write I/O errors)."
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else
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common::log "dd exited with status $DD_RESULT; the disk may have reached its end."
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fi
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DD_END=$(date +%s)
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common::log "Overwrite finished: $(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')"
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common::log "Duration: $(( (DD_END - DD_START) / 3600 ))h $(( ((DD_END - DD_START) % 3600) / 60 ))m"
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sync
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common::log "Waiting 10 seconds before SMART verification."
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sleep 10
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common::log "--- SMART values after overwrite ---"
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smartctl -A "$DEVICE" | grep -E \
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"Reallocated_Sector_Ct|Current_Pending_Sector|Offline_Uncorrectable|UDMA_CRC_Error_Count" \
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|| common::log "SMART read failed."
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# --- Phase 2: SMART extended self-test -------------------------------------
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common::log "--- Phase 2: starting SMART extended self-test ---"
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smartctl -t long "$DEVICE"
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# Read the estimated duration from smartctl, falling back to 360 minutes.
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EST_MIN="$(smartctl -c "$DEVICE" 2>/dev/null | grep -oP 'Extended self-test routine\s*\K[0-9]+' || true)"
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EST_MIN="${EST_MIN:-360}"
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WAIT_SECONDS=$(( (EST_MIN + 10) * 60 ))
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common::log "Expected self-test duration: about ${EST_MIN} minutes."
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common::log "Waiting $(( WAIT_SECONDS / 60 )) minutes before reading the result."
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common::log "The drive firmware runs the self-test while this script waits."
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sleep "$WAIT_SECONDS"
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common::log "--- Self-test result ---"
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smartctl -l selftest "$DEVICE"
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# --- Final report ----------------------------------------------------------
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common::log "=============================================================="
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common::log "Final SMART report — $DEVICE"
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common::log "Finished: $(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')"
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common::log "=============================================================="
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smartctl -A "$DEVICE" | grep -E \
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"Reallocated_Sector_Ct|Current_Pending_Sector|Offline_Uncorrectable|UDMA_CRC_Error_Count|Reallocated_Event_Count"
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smartctl -H "$DEVICE"
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common::log "Full log: $MAIN_LOG"
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common::log "Compare these values with the initial values in the log:"
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common::log "Current_Pending_Sector should decrease (ideally to 0)."
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common::log "Reallocated_Sector_Ct may increase as sectors are remapped."
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common::log "If pending sectors remain, the drive may be unable to write them."
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common::log "=============================================================="
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