245 lines
11 KiB
Bash
Executable File
245 lines
11 KiB
Bash
Executable File
#!/usr/bin/env bash
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#
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# erase-storage.sh — overwrite a partition or securely erase a whole disk.
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# Full documentation: see erase-storage.md in this same folder.
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set -euo pipefail
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SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
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# shellcheck source=lib/common.sh
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source "${SCRIPT_DIR}/../lib/common.sh"
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SCRIPT_HELP=$(cat <<'HELP'
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Usage: sudo ./HDD/erase-storage.sh DEVICE [zero|random]
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For a partition, writes one full pass of zeros (default) or pseudorandom data.
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For a whole disk, detects and runs a supported ATA Secure Erase or NVMe Sanitize
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operation. Whole-disk erasure requires two separate confirmations.
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At startup, asks you to confirm that you can keep the computer and drive
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powered and connected for the hours the operation may take.
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Arguments:
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DEVICE Partition (for example /dev/sda1) or whole disk
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zero Write zeros to a partition (default)
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random Write pseudorandom data to a partition
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Options:
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-h, --help Show this help message and exit
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Examples:
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sudo ./HDD/erase-storage.sh /dev/sda1
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sudo ./HDD/erase-storage.sh /dev/nvme0n1p2 random
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sudo ./HDD/erase-storage.sh /dev/sda
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sudo ./HDD/erase-storage.sh /dev/nvme0n1
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HELP
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)
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common::show_help_if_requested "$@"
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[[ $# -ge 1 && $# -le 2 ]] || common::die "expected DEVICE [zero|random]; run with --help for usage"
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DEVICE_INPUT="$1"
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if [[ "$DEVICE_INPUT" == dev/* ]]; then
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DEVICE_INPUT="/$DEVICE_INPUT"
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fi
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[[ "$DEVICE_INPUT" == /dev/* ]] || common::die "DEVICE must be a path under /dev"
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FILL_MODE="${2:-zero}"
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case "$FILL_MODE" in
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zero|random)
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;;
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*)
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common::die "partition fill mode must be 'zero' or 'random'"
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;;
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esac
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common::log "WARNING: Erasing data may take hours. Do not power off, reboot, or suspend the computer, or disconnect power or the drive."
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common::confirm "Can the computer and drive remain powered and connected until the operation finishes?" || exit 0
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for required_command in findmnt lsblk readlink swapon date dd sleep; do
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common::require_cmd "$required_command"
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done
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[[ "$EUID" -eq 0 ]] || common::die "this script must be run as root (for example, with sudo)"
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[[ -b "$DEVICE_INPUT" ]] || common::die "$DEVICE_INPUT does not exist or is not a block device"
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DEVICE="$(readlink -f -- "$DEVICE_INPUT")" || common::die "cannot resolve device path: $DEVICE_INPUT"
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DEVICE_TYPE="$(lsblk -dnro TYPE -- "$DEVICE")" || common::die "cannot determine device type"
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[[ "$DEVICE_TYPE" == "part" || "$DEVICE_TYPE" == "disk" ]] \
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|| common::die "only a partition or a whole disk is accepted (detected: $DEVICE_TYPE)"
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ROOT_SOURCE="$(findmnt -n -o SOURCE /)" || common::die "cannot determine the root filesystem device"
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ROOT_SOURCE="${ROOT_SOURCE%%\[*}"
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[[ -b "$ROOT_SOURCE" ]] || common::die "cannot safely resolve the root filesystem device ($ROOT_SOURCE)"
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ROOT_DEVICE="$(readlink -f -- "$ROOT_SOURCE")" || common::die "cannot resolve the root filesystem device"
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ROOT_TREE="$(lsblk --inverse --list --noheadings --paths --output PATH -- "$ROOT_DEVICE")" \
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|| common::die "cannot determine the devices backing the root filesystem"
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while IFS= read -r root_device; do
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[[ -n "$root_device" ]] || continue
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if [[ "$(readlink -f -- "$root_device")" == "$DEVICE" ]]; then
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common::die "$DEVICE backs the root filesystem; refusing to erase it"
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fi
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done <<< "$ROOT_TREE"
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DEVICE_TREE="$(lsblk --list --noheadings --paths --output PATH -- "$DEVICE")" \
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|| common::die "cannot inspect devices below $DEVICE"
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ACTIVE_SWAP_DEVICES="$(swapon --show --noheadings --raw --output NAME)" \
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|| common::die "cannot inspect active swap devices"
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while IFS= read -r child_device; do
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[[ -n "$child_device" ]] || continue
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if findmnt -rn -S "$child_device" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
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common::die "$child_device is mounted; unmount it before running this script"
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fi
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while IFS= read -r swap_device; do
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[[ -n "$swap_device" ]] || continue
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if [[ -b "$swap_device" ]]; then
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swap_source="$swap_device"
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else
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swap_mount_source="$(findmnt -n -o SOURCE -T "$swap_device")" \
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|| common::die "cannot determine the filesystem backing active swap file $swap_device"
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swap_mount_source="${swap_mount_source%%\[*}"
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[[ -b "$swap_mount_source" ]] \
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|| common::die "cannot safely resolve the block device backing active swap file $swap_device"
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swap_source="$swap_mount_source"
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fi
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swap_source_tree="$(lsblk --inverse --list --noheadings --paths --output PATH -- "$swap_source")" \
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|| common::die "cannot determine the devices backing active swap $swap_device"
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while IFS= read -r swap_backing_device; do
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[[ -n "$swap_backing_device" ]] || continue
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if [[ "$(readlink -f -- "$swap_backing_device")" == "$(readlink -f -- "$child_device")" ]]; then
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common::die "$child_device backs active swap ($swap_device); disable it before running this script"
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fi
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done <<< "$swap_source_tree"
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done <<< "$ACTIVE_SWAP_DEVICES"
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done <<< "$DEVICE_TREE"
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if [[ "$DEVICE_TYPE" == "part" ]]; then
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[[ $# -eq 1 || "$FILL_MODE" == "zero" || "$FILL_MODE" == "random" ]] \
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|| common::die "invalid fill mode; use 'zero' or 'random'"
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DEVICE_SIZE="$(lsblk -dnro SIZE --bytes -- "$DEVICE")" || common::die "cannot determine partition size"
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common::log "WARNING: this will irreversibly overwrite all data on partition $DEVICE ($DEVICE_SIZE bytes)."
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read -r -p "Type the exact device path '$DEVICE' to continue: " CONFIRM
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[[ "$CONFIRM" == "$DEVICE" ]] || common::die "operation cancelled; no data was changed"
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common::log "Writing one full $FILL_MODE pass to $DEVICE."
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if [[ "$FILL_MODE" == "zero" ]]; then
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dd if=/dev/zero of="$DEVICE" bs=4M count="$DEVICE_SIZE" iflag=count_bytes conv=fsync status=progress
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else
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dd if=/dev/urandom of="$DEVICE" bs=4M count="$DEVICE_SIZE" iflag=count_bytes conv=fsync status=progress
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fi
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common::log "Partition overwrite completed successfully."
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exit 0
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fi
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[[ $# -eq 1 ]] || common::die "a fill mode is only valid for a partition"
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DEVICE_SIZE="$(lsblk -dnro SIZE --bytes -- "$DEVICE")" || common::die "cannot determine disk size"
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DEVICE_NAME="${DEVICE##*/}"
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ERASE_METHOD=""
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ERASE_TOOL=""
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NVME_ACTION=""
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NVME_ACTION_NAME=""
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ATA_ERASE_OPTION=""
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if [[ "$DEVICE_NAME" =~ ^(nvme[0-9]+)n[0-9]+$ ]]; then
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common::require_cmd nvme
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common::require_cmd jq
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NVME_CONTROLLER="/dev/${BASH_REMATCH[1]}"
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NVME_IDENTIFY="$(nvme id-ctrl "$NVME_CONTROLLER" -o json)" \
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|| common::die "could not read NVMe controller capabilities"
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SANICAP="$(jq -er '.sanicap' <<< "$NVME_IDENTIFY")" \
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|| common::die "NVMe controller did not report SANICAP"
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[[ "$SANICAP" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] || common::die "invalid NVMe SANICAP value: $SANICAP"
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SANICAP_VALUE=$((SANICAP))
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if (( SANICAP_VALUE & 1 )); then
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NVME_ACTION=4
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NVME_ACTION_NAME="Crypto Erase"
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elif (( SANICAP_VALUE & 2 )); then
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NVME_ACTION=2
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NVME_ACTION_NAME="Block Erase"
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elif (( SANICAP_VALUE & 4 )); then
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NVME_ACTION=3
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NVME_ACTION_NAME="Overwrite"
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else
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common::die "NVMe controller does not advertise a supported Sanitize action"
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fi
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ERASE_METHOD="NVMe Sanitize: $NVME_ACTION_NAME"
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ERASE_TOOL="nvme"
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else
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common::require_cmd hdparm
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common::require_cmd awk
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common::require_cmd grep
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ATA_IDENTIFY="$(hdparm -I "$DEVICE" 2>&1)" || common::die "could not read ATA security capabilities"
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ATA_SECURITY="$(awk '
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/^[[:space:]]*Security:/ { in_security = 1; print; next }
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in_security && /^[^[:space:]]/ { exit }
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in_security { print }
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' <<< "$ATA_IDENTIFY")"
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[[ -n "$ATA_SECURITY" ]] || common::die "device did not report an ATA Security section"
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grep -Eiq '^[[:space:]]+supported[[:space:]]*$' <<< "$ATA_SECURITY" \
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|| common::die "device does not report ATA Security Erase support"
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grep -Eiq '^[[:space:]]+not frozen[[:space:]]*$' <<< "$ATA_SECURITY" \
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|| common::die "ATA security is frozen or its state could not be determined; refusing to continue"
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grep -Eiq '^[[:space:]]+not enabled[[:space:]]*$' <<< "$ATA_SECURITY" \
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|| common::die "ATA security is already enabled; refusing to risk leaving the disk locked"
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if grep -Eiq 'supported:[[:space:]]+enhanced erase' <<< "$ATA_SECURITY"; then
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ATA_ERASE_OPTION="--security-erase-enhanced"
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ERASE_METHOD="ATA Enhanced Security Erase"
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else
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ATA_ERASE_OPTION="--security-erase"
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ERASE_METHOD="ATA Security Erase"
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fi
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ERASE_TOOL="hdparm"
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fi
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common::log "WARNING: whole-disk operation on $DEVICE ($DEVICE_SIZE bytes)."
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common::log "Detected supported method: $ERASE_METHOD. ALL DATA on this disk will be destroyed."
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read -r -p "First confirmation: type ERASE to continue: " FIRST_CONFIRM
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[[ "$FIRST_CONFIRM" == "ERASE" ]] || common::die "operation cancelled; no data was changed"
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common::log "Final warning: $ERASE_METHOD will erase the entire disk $DEVICE, including every partition."
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read -r -p "Final confirmation: type the exact device name '$DEVICE_NAME': " FINAL_CONFIRM
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[[ "$FINAL_CONFIRM" == "$DEVICE_NAME" ]] || common::die "operation cancelled; no data was changed"
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if [[ "$ERASE_TOOL" == "nvme" ]]; then
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common::log "Starting $ERASE_METHOD on $DEVICE. The device may continue sanitizing after the command returns."
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nvme sanitize "$DEVICE" --sanact="$NVME_ACTION"
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while true; do
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SANITIZE_LOG="$(nvme sanitize-log "$DEVICE" -o json)" \
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|| common::die "could not read NVMe Sanitize status; the operation may still be running"
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SANITIZE_STATUS="$(jq -er '.sstat' <<< "$SANITIZE_LOG")" \
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|| common::die "NVMe Sanitize status was missing or invalid"
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[[ "$SANITIZE_STATUS" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] || common::die "invalid NVMe Sanitize status: $SANITIZE_STATUS"
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case $((SANITIZE_STATUS & 7)) in
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1|4)
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common::log "NVMe Sanitize completed successfully."
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break
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;;
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2)
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common::log "NVMe Sanitize is still in progress; checking again in 30 seconds."
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sleep 30
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;;
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3)
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common::die "NVMe Sanitize reported failure; consult the device sanitize log"
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;;
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*)
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common::die "NVMe Sanitize is not running or reported an unknown status ($SANITIZE_STATUS)"
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;;
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esac
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done
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else
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common::log "Starting $ERASE_METHOD on $DEVICE. Do not interrupt power or disconnect the drive."
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ATA_PASSWORD="strix-erase"
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hdparm --user-master u --security-set-pass "$ATA_PASSWORD" "$DEVICE"
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if ! hdparm --user-master u "$ATA_ERASE_OPTION" "$ATA_PASSWORD" "$DEVICE"; then
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common::die "ATA erase failed; the disk may remain security-locked with the temporary password '$ATA_PASSWORD'"
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fi
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common::log "$ERASE_METHOD completed successfully."
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fi |